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New developments in artificial intelligence could use sleep data to predict disease risk, a new study suggests.
Stanford Medicine researchers have developed an AI model trained on nearly 600,000 hours of sleep data collected from over 60,000 participants at various sleep clinics.
The model, called SleepFM, reportedly can predict a person’s risk of developing more than 100 health conditions, according to a press release from the university.
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The researchers trained SleepFM using polysomnography, a comprehensive sleep measurement that tracks brain and heart activity as well as breathing, leg movements and eye movements. It is considered the “gold standard” of sleep studies, they noted.
“Sleep contains far more information about future health than we currently use,” James Zou, Ph.D., associate professor of biomedical data science and co-senior author of the study, told Fox News Digital.
“By learning the language of sleep, our AI model opens new doors for studying the science and medicine of sleep,” he added, noting that humans spend about one-third of their lives sleeping.
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In the study, the team paired the sleep data with the participants’ electronic health records, which provided up to 25 years of data.
The model analyzed 1,000 disease categories in those health records and discovered 130 diseases that it could predict with “reasonable accuracy,” according to the release.
“By analyzing a single night of sleep with powerful AI, we found that patterns in sleep can predict the risk of over 100 different diseases years before diagnosis,” Zou said.
Those included dementia, heart disease, stroke, kidney disease and even overall mortality. The model’s predictions were particularly strong for cancers, pregnancy complications, circulatory conditions and mental disorders, the researchers noted.
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“It doesn’t explain that to us in English,” Zou noted. “But we have developed different interpretation techniques to figure out what the model is looking at when it’s making a specific disease prediction.”
The findings from the study, which was partly funded by the National Institutes of Health, were published in the journal Nature Medicine.
Limitations and caveats
Dr. Harvey Castro, a board-certified emergency medicine physician and national speaker on artificial intelligence based in Dallas, commented on Stanford’s AI sleep tool in a statement to Fox News Digital.
“A significant signal doesn’t equal ready medicine,” said Castro, who was not involved in the study. “SleepFM is a breakthrough, not yet a bedside tool.”
“Ranking risk isn’t the same as predicting outcomes.”
The expert also emphasized that while the tool ranks risk, it can’t necessarily predict that disease will occur. “Ranking risk isn’t the same as predicting outcomes, and patients live in outcomes,” he said.
Before the tool can be used in “real life,” it must be proven to work outside the lab, according to Castro.
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The Stanford researchers also acknowledged that the study had some limitations.
“There’s still much that we don’t understand … Most analysis focuses on narrow tasks like sleep staging and apnea detection,” Zou noted.
The team cautioned that this is a research project and not meant to give specific medical advice other than that “sleep is very important.”
Other limitations include the fact that the team used “multi-modal sleep recordings” that retrieve very strong signals from the brain, heart and respiratory system.
The researchers hope to extend the research to collect data from patients using wearable devices, which could help pinpoint exactly what the model is interpreting.
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For now, the technology is only being tested in research settings and is not available to consumers.
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